Hysterectomy

子宫切除术是切除子宫的主要外科手术. 许多妇女选择子宫切除术来彻底解决她们的问题 fibroid symptoms. After hysterectomy, menstrual bleeding stops, pelvic pressure is relieved, 尿频改善，新的肌瘤不能生长. 子宫切除后，妇女不能再怀孕.

子宫切除术并不一定要切除卵巢. Generally, if a woman is in menopause or close to menopause, the ovaries are removed. 如果卵巢看起来不正常或患者想要减少其发展的机会，也可以切除卵巢 ovarian cancer later in life. In premenopausal women, removal of the ovaries can cause hot flashes, vaginal dryness and other symptoms. 你应该和你的十大赌博平台排行榜讨论卵巢摘除的利弊.

子宫切除术有几种手术方法:阴道子宫切除术, 腹部子宫切除术和腹腔镜子宫切除术. 手术的选择取决于子宫的大小和其他几个因素.

Vaginal hysterectomy

阴道子宫切除术是通过阴道切除子宫，而不是通过腹部的切口. 为了符合阴道子宫切除术的十大赌博靠谱网络平台，你的子宫必须有一定的大小，不能太大.

你可能会在手术过程中睡着，并在十大赌博平台排行榜度过两个晚上. 手术后，你会经历24小时的剧烈疼痛和10天的轻微疼痛. Full recovery usually takes four weeks. You will not have any scars on your skin.

Risks

手术并发症可能包括出血、感染和肠道或膀胱损伤.

Abdominal hysterectomy

In an abdominal hysterectomy, 子宫通过下腹的水平切口切除, called a "bikini cut.“如果子宫很大，或者有早期手术留下的疤痕, it may be necessary to make a vertical incision instead.

There are different kinds of abdominal hysterectomies:

Total abdominal hysterectomy 包括切除子宫和子宫颈，子宫颈是子宫的最低部分. Women who have had abnormal cervical cancer screening test results 在做子宫切除术的同时是否也被鼓励切除子宫颈.
Subtotal or supra-cervical hysterectomy involves removing only the upper part of the uterus. Women who retain their cervix may have less bladder leakage and vaginal relaxation later in life; however, this has not been scientifically proven. 宫颈上子宫切除术的妇女将继续需要定期进行子宫颈抹片检查. In addition, 如果子宫内膜腺体仍嵌在宫颈组织中，有些妇女每月会有点滴出血或轻度出血.

An abdominal hysterectomy requires general anesthesia. Most patients will stay in the hospital for three days. Recovery usually takes six weeks, 尽管有些女性会经历手术并发症，需要更长的恢复时间. 手术后，你会在阴毛或“比基尼”线附近留下一个四英寸的水平疤痕.

Risks

像任何外科手术一样，腹式子宫切除术确实有一些风险，尽管很少见. 大约5%的女性在手术后感染，在十大赌博平台排行榜用抗生素治疗长达5天. 大约5%的女性会出现伤口感染，可以在家治疗，但需要经常去看十大赌博平台排行榜，时间长达六周.

其他可能的并发症包括出血、感染和肠道或膀胱损伤.

Laparoscopic hysterectomy

腹腔镜子宫切除术是一种新的手术方法，通过在下腹的小切口切除子宫. 子宫颈，或子宫的下部，仍然在原地. 大肌瘤或大子宫的妇女可能不适合腹腔镜子宫切除术. Also, 有时在手术过程中有必要从腹腔镜子宫切除术切换到腹部子宫切除术.

In the procedure, 在下腹部做四个1厘米的切口:一个在肚脐处, one below the bikini line near the pubic hair, and one near each hip. The abdominal cavity is filled with carbon dioxide gas. A thin, 点亮的望远镜通过一个切口放置，这样十大赌博平台排行榜就可以看到卵巢, fallopian tubes and uterus. 通过其他切口插入的长器械用于取出子宫. 使用一种特殊的器械将子宫切成更小的部分，然后通过小切口切除. 在手术结束时，气体被释放，皮肤切口被关闭.

You will be asleep during the procedure. 大多数妇女在十大赌博平台排行榜住一晚，在家休养两到四周.